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Pompeii or Herculaneum: How do you choose between two of Italy’s major Roman ruins? This guide has everything you need to decide, from detailed comparisons of what you’ll see at each site to practical tips for tickets, itineraries, and avoiding crowds. Whether you visit one or both, you’ll leave knowing which is right for your trip.
I’ve returned to Pompeii several times over the decades, keeping an eye out for when archaeologists uncover new sections and open previously closed areas.
When I finally visited Herculaneum recently, I understood why so many visitors declare it “better than Pompeii” – but in my opinion, that quick judgment reveals more about how they explored Pompeii than about what either site offers.
These two sites show different aspects of Roman life.
You can walk Pompeii’s stone-paved streets for hours on end – past painted election slogans and through a city grid that stretches across 66 hectares. Step into Herculaneum’s compact 4-hectare site, meanwhile, and you’ll find yourself in Roman holiday homes where wooden doors still hang in their frames and elaborate frescoes retain their original colours, all preserved by the volcanic mud that buried the town.
This guide compares both sites – from how long to spend at each to which suits different visitors best. Whether you’re passionate about history, travelling with children, or planning a day trip from Naples, I’ll help you choose the site that suits both your plans and your interests.
Here’s my detailed guide to Pompeii vs Herculaneum – helping you decide based on what matters to you, and not just a quick recommendation.
Essential Resources for Visiting Pompeii and/or Herculaneum
Pompeii
→ Pompeii: Entry Ticket with Optional Audio Guide
Herculaneum
In This Pompeii or Herculaneum Guide
My Thoughts on Pompeii and Herculaneum
I’ve always loved ancient Rome — it’s been a fascination of mine since I was a child.
My first visit to Pompeii was actually as a child, and over the years, I’ve returned several times. I’ve watched the site change as archaeologists uncover new areas over the last few decades.
Herculaneum, however, was a site I have only visited as an adult, despite having read so much about it over the years. Somehow, I never quite found the time to get there until recently.
If someone asked me which site they should visit, my answer might surprise them. Before visiting Herculaneum, I might have leaned toward recommending it. I love an underdog, and I tend to favour places with less crowded walkways and queues.
Many people say that Herculaneum is better preserved, with more to see — an opinion often repeated without much extensive personal evidence. But after seeing both sites, I would tell someone who hasn’t been to Pompeii yet to go there first. Pompeii deserves its reputation and with recent excavations and newly opened areas, there’s so much to see.
That said, Herculaneum is also a compelling site that I highly recommend under specific circumstances. It’s the ideal option when:
- You have time to see both (it offers a distinct perspective compared to Pompeii).
- You’ve already visited Pompeii and want something new.
- You’re tight on time and want a comprehensive experience in just a few hours.
- You prefer quieter, less crowded attractions.
There have been plenty of moments at both sites that left a lasting impression.
At Pompeii, the city’s 170 acres make you feel small. As you walk through street after street, it’s impossible not to think about how this city of 20,000 people was wiped out in a single day. The plaster casts scattered across the site are particularly heart-wrenching. Seeing the contorted forms of people in their final moments is deeply moving.
Herculaneum has its moments of emotional weight. The skeletons on the shore, huddled under the arches where people sought refuge, are particularly haunting. It’s a stark reminder of the human tragedy that unfolded there.
One thing to keep in mind is that Pompeii has recently introduced caps on daily visitor numbers. While this might make it feel less crowded, it could lead to more visitors heading to Herculaneum as an alternative. Over time, this might change the quieter atmosphere that makes Herculaneum so appealing.
If I could go back tomorrow, I’d visit Pompeii again. The magnitude and diversity of what’s on offer there keep drawing me back. But for those seeking a more intimate, relaxed experience, Herculaneum remains an excellent choice.
In Short: Should You Visit Pompeii or Herculaneum?
If it’s your first visit, Pompeii is the way to go — its scale and iconic landmarks make it a genuine must-visit. But if you’re after a quieter, more intimate glimpse into Roman life, Herculaneum is a gem. Ideally, visit both to experience the full story of life in the shadow of Vesuvius.
Pompeii vs Herculaneum: 7 Key Differences That Will Help You Choose
| Category | Pompeii | Herculaneum |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Larger, sprawling site. 66 hectares (170 acres) of excavated city streets and buildings | Smaller, more compact. 4.5 hectares (11 acres) of excavated area |
| Crowds | Heavier foot traffic | Fewer crowds, calmer |
| Time to Visit | 3-4+ hours | 1.5-2 hours |
| Preservation | Ash-covered, better view of daily life | Mud-covered, better-preserved buildings |
| Ease of Access | Short train ride from Naples, with 10 minute walk from station | Flatter terrain, better for mobility needs; I still wouldn’t consider it a wheelchair friendly though |
| Cost | €18 for standard entry (main archaeological park; excludes some sites) | €16 for standard entry |
| Accessibility | Not wheelchair-friendly, uneven cobblestones | Flatter terrain, better for mobility needs; I still wouldn’t consider it wheelchair friendly though |
Want more detail on each of these factors? Keep reading this post. Below, we’ll explore each of these factors (along with some more) so you can decide which site is best for you.
What Makes Pompeii and Herculaneum Special?
Pompeii preserves a city grid of 80+ blocks, while Herculaneum’s compact 4-hectare site holds intact wooden beams from 79 AD.
Pompeii is vast and sprawling, with streets that stretch endlessly, giving the sense of a city frozen in time. Moving past the Forum reveals empty streets where your footsteps echo on 2,000-year-old paving stones. It feels unsettlingly empty — almost like an abandoned town rather than an archaeological site.
The scale is overwhelming, and the haunting plaster casts scattered throughout the ruins make it impossible not to reflect on the human tragedy that unfolded here nearly 2,000 years ago.
Herculaneum, by contrast, offers closer glimpses into daily Roman life. Nestled below the modern town, it has a theatrical quality — like a stage waiting for life to return.
Thanks to the unique way it was buried under superheated mud, the preservation here is extraordinary. Wooden furniture, carbonized beams, and even food give an uncanny sense that its residents might step back in at any moment.
The Weight of History
Pompeii’s plaster casts, made by filling voids in the ash left by decomposed bodies, provide a deeply personal connection to those who perished. They are harrowing reminders of lives abruptly cut short.
In Herculaneum, the skeletons huddled under the ancient shoreline arches are just as moving. These 300 people fled to the boat houses with their precious belongings, thinking the sea would save them from Vesuvius’s fury. What struck me most was how vividly their lives feel preserved — from the carbonized wooden beams to everyday objects like urns and mosaics.
Which Site Tells a Better Story?
At Herculaneum, carbonized bread still sits in ovens, wooden cradles remain in nurseries, and wine jugs stand ready on shop counters. The site’s 4.5 hectares preserve the small details of that fateful day in 79 AD: a half-finished meal, children’s toys left mid-play, and even the rope still tied to a merchant’s shop door.
Pompeii, on the other hand, gives you the big picture — sprawling streets, grand public spaces, and monuments that reflect the sophistication of Roman urban life. Each site tells a story that feels incomplete without the other: one focused on the personal, the other on the monumental.
BOTH SITES – IN SUMMARY: Pompeii shows you a complete Roman city across 66 hectares, with everything from election propaganda to food shops. Herculaneum lets you peek into wealthy Romans’ holiday homes, where the volcanic mud preserved even wooden furniture and food. Two different sides of Roman society, frozen at the exact same moment.
What Will You See at Each Site?
What to See at Pompeii
Pompeii, at times, seems endless. You can wander for hours and still feel like you’ve only scratched the surface. The site offers a mix of grand public spaces, private villas, and smaller details that bring its history to life.
Highlights from My Visit:
- The House of the Golden Cupids
This villa was one of the most memorable discoveries for me. It’s not a crowded spot — my Walks tour guide actually recommended it after our tour ended. Away from the main tourist routes, its peristyle garden still has original marble fountains, while the dining room walls show scenes of cupids hunting, their gold leaf details catching the afternoon light. - The Garden of the Fugitives
Here, plaster fills the spaces where 13 people – including a child still clutching a parent’s hand – took their last breaths. - Grand Public Spaces
- The Forum: The heart of ancient Pompeii, where civic and religious life once thrived.
- The Amphitheatre: One of the oldest Roman amphitheatres, showcasing the scale of entertainment in the city.
- The Villa of Mysteries: Famous for its frescoes, which depict mysterious initiation rites — a must-see.
The Smaller Details That Show How Romans Lived:
- Graffiti: Some of it is cheeky and amusing, showing how little human nature has changed in 2,000 years.
- Shops, Taverns, and Brothels: Scattered throughout the city, these spots give insight into the daily life of ordinary Romans.
Was Anything Underwhelming?
Honestly, Pompeii is hard to find disappointing. However, without some context or a guide, it might be harder to connect with what you’re seeing. This is a site where a bit of preparation or a good guidebook really enhances the experience.
What to See at Herculaneum
Herculaneum, by contrast, feels much smaller and more intimate. Its preservation is on another level, making it feel as though the residents just stepped out moments ago.
Highlights from My Visit:
- The Villa of the Stags
The villa’s garden features the statue of Drunken Hercules, a cheeky depiction of the mythological hero mid-urination. When your garden statue shows even the mighty Hercules unable to hold his wine, you know these were Romans who loved a good party. - The Baths
These are astonishingly well-preserved, with tiles that were practically new at the time of the eruption. You can easily picture people enjoying the luxury and social atmosphere here before the eruption. - The Boat Sheds
This is where you’ll find the haunting skeletons of people who sought safety by the sea but didn’t make it. Among their possessions were keys to homes they’d never return to and jewellery they hoped to save. - The House of the Deer
One of the more elegant villas, with decorative details and open courtyards. The owners were clearly showing off – they even had underfloor heating, which would have been the 79 AD equivalent of having a heated pool.
The Overall Experience at Herculaneum:
Herculaneum is small enough that you can see everything in 1.5 to 2.5 hours. It’s not about a single “wow” moment but rather the collective impact of seeing how perfectly preserved and intact everything is. Clay urns still hold traces of wine. Wooden beams retain tool marks from Roman carpenters – it makes the whole experience feel incredibly human.
WHAT TO SEE – IN SUMMARY: Pompeii offers grand public spaces like the Forum and Amphitheatre, alongside intimate spots like the House of the Golden Cupids with its hunting cupids in gold leaf. Herculaneum’s highlights include the Villa of the Stags with its cheeky Hercules statue and Roman baths with their original tiles still intact.
How Much Time You Need to Visit Pompeii & Herculaneum
Quick Guide: How Long to Spend at Each Site
Herculaneum:
The smaller size means 1.5–3 hours is sufficient to see everything. A 2-hour guided tour covers all key areas.
Ideal for a shorter, less physically demanding visit.
Pompeii:
Allocate 3–5 hours for a thorough visit, or opt for a 3-hour guided tour to hit the highlights.
If you’re a history enthusiast or want to explore at a slower pace, plan for a full day.
How Long Do You Need at Pompeii?
On my most recent visit to Pompeii, I spent about eight hours there! I know that sounds like an incredibly long time, but in my defence, I’m a massive Roman history nerd, and I wanted to be as thorough as possible — especially for writing this blog! This visit included:
- A three-hour guided tour with Walks
- Around five hours of independent exploration (slowed down by an injured knee!)
- A 45-minute picnic lunch break
For most visitors, you won’t need anywhere near that much time. Pompeii is a sprawling site, covering about 170 acres, so there’s plenty to see, but a three-hour guided tour shows you the key sites including the Forum, Amphitheatre, as well as the best-preserved houses. If you’re exploring independently and want to visit areas at opposite ends of the town, plan for 3–5 hours.
That said, turning up without any preparation isn’t ideal. Wandering aimlessly might leave you missing the context that makes Pompeii so extraordinary. I’d recommend a good guidebook, a map, or doing some research in advance to help you navigate and fully appreciate the history and scale of the site.
How Long Do You Need at Herculaneum?
Herculaneum is much smaller than Pompeii, so you won’t need as much time to see everything. On my visit, I spent around three hours, which included a two-hour guided tour. That felt like the right amount of time for seeing everything without rushing.
Because of its compact size, Herculaneum is far easier to explore than Pompeii. You can cover everything in 1.5–3 hours, depending on how much detail you want to take in.
It’s the perfect choice if you want an in-depth Roman history experience but don’t have the energy or time to tackle the enormity of Pompeii.
Would I Spend More or Less Time If I Visited Either Again?
Honestly, I wouldn’t change anything about how long I spent at either site.
Despite being completely exhausted by the end of my Pompeii visit, it was worth it to me because I’m so interested in the history and wanted to see as much as possible. For anyone who feels the same, I’d say allocate a full day to Pompeii — you might not use all of it, but it’s better to give yourself the option than to rush through it.
For Herculaneum, three hours was spot-on. I felt like I’d covered everything and left with a great understanding of the site.
HOW LONG TO VISIT – IN SUMMARY: Pompeii requires at least 3-5 hours – I spent eight on my last visit! Herculaneum can be thoroughly explored in 1.5-3 hours. Don’t try to see both in one day; each site deserves proper time to appreciate the different aspects of Roman life they preserve.
Which Site Is Easier to Get To? (Location & Access Tips)
Getting to Pompeii and Herculaneum is straightforward, as both sites are located along the same train route from Naples, but there are a few things to know to make your trip smoother.
Getting to Pompeii
On my last visit, I went full history nerd and actually stayed in Pompeii town for a couple of nights so I could really immerse myself in the ruins and enjoy a full day exploring the site. I stayed at a lovely B&B called Residenza Madonna (I’d highly recommend it if you’re planning an overnight stay – it’s extremely comfortable, convenient to the ruins and has the most lovely hostess!).
If you’re visiting Pompeii on a day trip, the train is by far the easiest option. There are two train services that stop at Pompeii:
- The Circumvesuviana Line: This is the local commuter train that runs between Naples and Sorrento, stopping at Pompei Scavi-Villa dei Misteri station, which is very close to the main entrance of the ruins. Trains are frequent (roughly every 30 minutes), and the journey takes about 30–40 minutes from Naples. A one-way ticket costs approximately €3–4.
- Campania Express: This is a tourist-focused train that offers reserved seating, air conditioning, and more space for luggage. It also runs between Naples and Sorrento, stopping at Pompei Scavi, but it’s less frequent than the Circumvesuviana. A one-way ticket costs around €6–8, so it’s pricier but more comfortable if you’re carrying bags or want to avoid crowds.
Both options are easy to use, but it’s worth noting that the Circumvesuviana is often crowded and is known to be a hotspot for pickpockets. Keep your bags closed and zipped up to avoid any unpleasant surprises.
Getting to Herculaneum
Herculaneum is closer to Naples than Pompeii, so it’s a slightly shorter journey, taking about 15–20 minutes by train on the same Circumvesuviana or Campania Express lines. You’ll get off at Ercolano Scavi station, which is the stop for the ruins. From there, it’s about a 10-minute walk downhill to the site.
The main difference compared to Pompeii is that the Pompei Scavi station is practically on the doorstep of the ruins, whereas Herculaneum requires a short walk from the station. But honestly, this doesn’t make a huge difference in terms of convenience, and both sites are very accessible by train.
Finding the Entrances
The entrances to both Pompeii and Herculaneum are very easy to find. They’re well signposted, and even if you get turned around, you can always use Google Maps — the entrances are clearly marked.
One thing to watch out for, though, are ticket and tour touts hanging around near the entrances. They might try to steer you towards their offerings, and sometimes they can be quite pushy. If you need directions or help, it’s better to ask someone else.
A Note on Taxis from Personal Experience
For the most part, I wouldn’t change how I got to either site, as the trains are reliable, affordable, and easy to use.
However, on one of my previous visits, I made the mistake of taking a taxi from Pompeii to Naples Airport on the last day of my trip. The fare was absolutely outrageous — I paid over €60 for a short drive, and this was several years ago, so I imagine the price is even higher now.
If you need a private transfer, I’d strongly recommend booking it in advance and confirming the price beforehand to avoid any nasty surprises. Alternatively, if you’re on a budget, the train back to Naples and a shuttle or taxi from there to the airport is much more reasonable.
LOGISTICS – IN SUMMARY: Both sites sit on the Naples-Sorrento train line. Pompeii’s station (Pompei Scavi) is right at the entrance, while Herculaneum requires a 10-minute walk from Ercolano Scavi station. The Circumvesuviana train (€3-4) runs frequently, or splurges on the more comfortable Campania Express (€6-8).
Which Site Offers a Better Visitor Experience?
The experience at Pompeii and Herculaneum can feel completely different, depending on factors like crowds, terrain, and facilities.
Here’s what stood out to me during my visits.
Crowds & Best Time to Visit
Pompeii
Pompeii is always busy, and my last visit — an early October weekday morning — was no exception. The entrance felt chaotic and drew large crowds, and popular spots like the Forum and the brothel had long queues. It’s funny how people will wait ages to see some 2,000-year-old explicit graffiti!
But once I moved deeper into the site, the crowds began to thin. Pompeii’s size works in its favour here; you can wander into quieter areas and really study the details without being jostled by tour groups nearby.
Herculaneum
Herculaneum, by contrast, was wonderfully calm. I visited on a weekday afternoon, and it was quiet enough that I rarely had to share a space. With only a handful of tour groups and a school visit, it felt so much more relaxed.
My Tip: To avoid the worst crowds, visit during shoulder seasons (spring or autumn) and aim for early mornings or late afternoons. Pompeii is particularly hectic on weekends, so plan accordingly.
Walking Distances & Terrain
Pompeii
I spent a full eight hours exploring Pompeii’s 66 hectares on my last visit – slowed down by both an injured knee and my determination to be thorough! The uneven Roman streets require sturdy shoes and regular water breaks. Despite the physical demands, walking the entire perimeter will give a sense of just how large this ancient city was, and how much there is still to discover within its walls.
Herculaneum
At 4.5 hectares, Herculaneum took me about three hours to explore thoroughly. The level walkways made it easier to focus on details like the preserved wooden doors and beams – details you won’t find at Pompeii. For visitors with limited time or mobility concerns, I found this compact site offers a complete picture of Roman life without the physical demands of Pompeii.
On-Site Museums and Artefacts
While Pompeii’s artefacts are all housed in Naples’ Archaeological Museum (MANN), Herculaneum has a small but fascinating on-site museum. Here, you can see personal items recovered from the victims in the boat houses – including jewellery and other precious belongings they carried with them while trying to escape.
It definitely helps bring to life the fact that this was once a thriving urban centre, and provides a better connection to the human element of the tragedy and the people who once lived in the town.
Accessibility for Seniors, Strollers, and Visitors with Disabilities
Herculaneum
Herculaneum is hands down the better option for anyone with mobility concerns. The flat layout and shorter distances make it easier to get around, and it’s far less exhausting than Pompeii.
Pompeii
Pompeii can be a challenge. The uneven cobblestones, large distances, and limited wheelchair-friendly paths mean it’s not the most accessible site. While a few areas have been adapted in recent years, it still requires a lot more effort to explore.
Food, Water & Toilets
Pompeii
Pompeii wins here. It has several public toilets and even a restaurant near the Forum — though honestly, I wouldn’t bother with the food there. My advice? Grab a panini or some snacks from the shops outside before heading in, then find a quiet spot within the ruins to enjoy your lunch.
One thing I absolutely love about Pompeii is its original water fountains. One thing I absolutely love about Pompeii is its original water fountains. These 2,000-year-old stone spouts still deliver cool, clear drinking water – the same corners worn smooth by centuries of Roman hands reaching for a drink.
In the summer heat, there’s something remarkable about quenching your thirst from the exact same fountain that once served a Roman shopkeeper.
Herculaneum
Herculaneum is pretty basic when it comes to facilities. There’s a small building near the entrance with toilets and vending machines, but that’s about it. There are no amenities inside the ruins, so you’ll need to plan ahead. If you’re visiting with a group, expect queues at the entrance toilets before or after your visit.
VISITOR EXPERIENCE – IN SUMMARY: At Pompeii, early morning crowds thin out once you move beyond the Forum, leaving you free to explore 80+ city blocks. Herculaneum offers a more intimate experience across its 4.5 hectares, with fewer visitors and level walkways, though both sites have their accessibility challenges.
How Much Do Tickets Cost?
Pompeii Ticket Prices
When purchased via the Pompeii website, the standard ticket price for Pompeii is €18, which grants you access to the main archaeological park.
If you’d like to visit additional areas like the fascinating Villa dei Misteri (Villa of the Mysteries), you’ll need the Pompeii+ ticket for €22. There’s also a reduced ticket for €2 available to EU citizens aged 18–25, and children under 18 can enter for free.
For anyone planning to dive deeper into the archaeological sites around Vesuvius, there’s a 3-day combined ticket for €35. This includes access to Pompeii, Oplontis, Villa Arianna, Villa San Marco, the Libero D’Orsi Museum, Boscoreale, and a shuttle bus connecting the sites.
Insider Tip
If you really want to experience Pompeii properly, I’d highly recommend going for the Plus ticket, as it gives you access to key areas like the Villa dei Misteri. It’s one of Pompeii’s most fascinating spots, with stunning frescoes that offer a rare glimpse into ancient Roman rituals.
Herculaneum Ticket Prices
Tickets for Herculaneum are slightly cheaper, with the standard ticket priced at €16 when purchased on the Herculaneum website. The reduced ticket and free admission options are the same as Pompeii (€2 for EU citizens aged 18–25 and free for children under 18).
Unfortunately, there’s no official combo ticket for both Pompeii and Herculaneum, but you can sometimes find them bundled together in guided tours like this combo tour offered on GetYourGuide.
Third-Party Ticket Options
For skip-the-line tickets and extras like audioguides, third-party platforms are incredibly useful. Here’s what you can expect:
Pompeii (Tiqets):
- Express Ticket:
- €23.40 (without audioguide)
- €30.90 (with audioguide)
- Plus Ticket:
- €27.50 (without audioguide)
- €35 (with audioguide)
MORE INFO | Browse Tiqet’s ticketing options for Pompeii at this link.
Pompeii (GetYourGuide):
- Express Ticket (Skip-the-Line): €23
- Plus Ticket (Skip-the-Line + Access to Additional Sites): €27.50
- Audioguide Options: €32 for Express, €35.50 for Plus
MORE INFO | Browse GetYourGuide’s ticketing options for Pompeii at this link.
Herculaneum:
- GetYourGuide: Entry Ticket + Audioguide: €25–29 depending on any promotions running at the time of purchase. More info available here.
- Tiqets: Entry Ticket to Herculaneum Archaeological Park: €19.50. More info available here.
Is There a Combo Ticket for Visiting Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Pompeii and Herculaneum don’t offer an official combo ticket, as both sites are managed independently. However, you’ll find guided tours that include both sites like this one on GetYourGuide. These can be a convenient option if you’re short on time, but I personally wouldn’t recommend seeing both in one day — it’s better to take your time with each.
If you’re staying in the area for a few days, the Pompeii 3-day ticket is a fantastic deal for exploring other key sites like Oplontis and Boscoreale (though sadly it doesn’t include Herculaneum).
Do You Need To Purchase Tickets in Advance?
I booked my most recent visits as part of guided tours, which were booked well in advance. If you’re planning to visit either Pompeii or Herculaneum independently, I’d strongly recommend buying your tickets ahead of time. This is especially true for Pompeii, where the new 20,000 daily visitor cap makes pre-booking almost essential.
For Herculaneum, even skip-the-line tickets still require you to pick them up at the entrance, so don’t expect to bypass queues entirely if it’s busy.
Are The Ticket Prices Worth The Money?
In my opinion, absolutely. I think the ticket prices for both Pompeii and Herculaneum are very fair, especially when you consider the scale of the sites, the incredible preservation, and the ongoing archaeological work.
During my October visit, I watched conservators delicately cleaning a fresco in Herculaneum with tiny brushes. In Pompeii, I captured a great image of workmen chatting over lunch, seated on the path of a quiet street. You really get a sense as to just how much work goes into preserving these ancient cities.
COSTS – IN SUMMARY: Pompeii’s standard entry costs €18, while Herculaneum is slightly cheaper at €16. Consider Pompeii’s Plus ticket (€22) to include the Villa dei Misteri. Book ahead – especially for Pompeii which now caps daily visitors at 20,000. EU citizens 18-25 pay €2, and under 18s enter free at both sites.
Pompeii or Herculaneum: Which Site Should You Choose?
Choosing between Pompeii and Herculaneum isn’t easy — both sites are remarkable in their own ways. Your choice will depend on your interests, time, and who you’re travelling with.
If You Have Limited Time
- Herculaneum: If you only have half a day, Herculaneum is ideal. It’s compact, taking 1.5–2.5 hours to explore, and far less crowded, making it a relaxing experience.
- Pompeii: For a full-day trip, Pompeii is the way to go. With 170 acres to explore, you could easily spend 3–8 hours here, depending on your pace and interests.
Tip: If major landmarks are your priority, start with Pompeii. But if you prefer something quieter and easier to navigate, head to Herculaneum first.
If You’re Visiting with Kids
- Herculaneum: A smaller site with shorter walking distances and easier exits, it’s better for younger children.
- Pompeii: Larger and more tiring, Pompeii might suit older kids who love history. I first visited as a child (around 10–12) and was completely captivated by the scale and stories of the ruins.
Note: Both sites have cobblestone streets, which can be challenging for strollers. Herculaneum is more manageable in this regard.
If You’re a History Buff
- Pompeii: The Forum, Amphitheatre, and plaster casts provide a sweeping view of Roman life on a monumental scale. One of my personal highlights is the Villa dei Misteri. It draws its name from the remarkable red-walled room where frescoes show figures performing what scholars believe to be Dionysian cult rituals. These vivid scenes, painted in the 1st century BC, still spark debate among historians about their exact meaning.
- Herculaneum: The preservation of everyday items — like wooden doors, urns, and even food remnants — feels incredibly personal and brings the town to life in an intimate way. The House of the Deer, with its open courtyards and intricate details, feels like walking into someone’s home just moments after they’ve stepped out.
Verdict: If you’re a true history enthusiast, both sites are essential to fully understand the impact of Vesuvius.
If You Love Architecture & Art
- Pompeii: The scale and variety here are unmatched. From the grand House of the Vettii to the graffiti and public baths, there’s no shortage of artistic and architectural highlights.
- Herculaneum: While smaller, it’s full of vivid mosaics and frescoes. The Drunken Hercules statue in the Villa of the Stags absolutely cracked me up. The sight of a legendary hero caught in such an undignified moment tells you these wealthy Romans weren’t above poking fun at their own gods.
If You Want a Quieter Experience
- Herculaneum: This site wins for peace and quiet. On my weekday visit, there were only a handful of other groups, allowing me to take in the ruins at my own pace.
- Pompeii: While visitor caps have been introduced, it’s still a bustling site. The crowds are heaviest at the entrance and main attractions, but once you venture deeper into the site, the atmosphere becomes calmer.
Tip: Visit during shoulder seasons (spring or autumn) to avoid peak crowds.
IN SUMMARY: Short on time? Pick Herculaneum for a 2-hour visit. Want the full Roman city experience? Choose Pompeii and allocate 3-5 hours. Travelling with young kids? Herculaneum’s compact size works better. History buff? Start with Pompeii – its scale and variety give the best introduction to Roman urban life.
Can You Visit Pompeii and Herculaneum in One Day?
Is It Possible to Visit Both in a Single Day?
Technically, yes, you can visit both Pompeii and Herculaneum in one day. But would I recommend it? Not really. By the time you’ve finished exploring one site, you’re likely to feel completely “ruined out” — and that’s without factoring in the energy and time needed to travel between them.
Both Pompeii and Herculaneum are incredible, but they demand a lot of mental and physical energy to truly appreciate. Trying to cram them into a single day can leave you feeling rushed and overwhelmed, and you won’t have the chance to properly take in everything they have to offer.
If you’re determined to pair one of these sites with another activity, I’d recommend combining it with a hike up Mount Vesuvius instead. It’s a great way to connect the sites with the volcano that changed their history, and it’s less mentally taxing than tackling two archaeological sites back-to-back.
Example Itineraries for Visiting Both
If you’re short on time and absolutely want to see both sites in one day, here’s how you could structure your visit:
Morning at Pompeii, Afternoon at Herculaneum:
- 8:30 am: Arrive at Pompeii when the gates open. Spend 3–4 hours exploring the main highlights, such as the Forum, Amphitheatre, and Villa dei Misteri.
- 12:30 pm: Take a break for lunch outside the site. Grab something quick and light to avoid fatigue.
- 1:30 pm: Travel to Herculaneum (about 20–30 minutes by train).
- 2:00 pm: Arrive at Herculaneum and spend 1.5–2.5 hours exploring its more compact and intimate ruins.
- 4:30 pm: Wrap up your visit and head back to Naples or your accommodation.
Morning at Herculaneum, Afternoon at Pompeii:
- 8:30 am: Start your day at Herculaneum. Spend 1.5–2.5 hours exploring the site.
- 11:00 am: Travel to Pompeii (about 20–30 minutes by train).
- 11:30 am: Have an early lunch near Pompeii before starting your visit.
- 12:30 pm: Enter Pompeii and spend 3–4 hours exploring the key areas.
- 4:30 pm: Finish your day and make your way back to Naples or your accommodation.
While these itineraries are doable, keep in mind that both sites deserve more time to fully appreciate them, so try to visit them on separate days if you can.
How to Travel Between Pompeii and Herculaneum
Travelling between Pompeii and Herculaneum is straightforward, as both sites are on the same Circumvesuviana train line that runs between Naples and Sorrento. Here’s what you need to know:
- Train Travel:
- From Pompeii (Pompei Scavi station) to Herculaneum (Ercolano Scavi station) takes about 20–30 minutes. Trains run regularly, approximately every 30 minutes.
- Tickets cost around €3–4 each way.
- By Taxi or Private Transfer:
- If you prefer a more direct option, a taxi between the two sites will take around 20 minutes, but it can be quite pricey (expect to pay €30 or more). Booking a private transfer in advance may be more cost-effective and avoid the hassle of finding a taxi on the spot.
Is It Worth Visiting Both Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Visiting both sites offers two distinct perspectives on Roman life and death in 79 AD.
While Pompeii shows you a sprawling commercial centre – with its Forum lined with government buildings and streets packed with shops and bars – Herculaneum gives you glimpses into the seaside villas where wealthy Romans spent their summers.
The rich décor and elaborate heating systems in Herculaneum’s houses tell a different social story from Pompeii’s busy marketplace stalls and street-corner bars.
Think of it like seeing both ancient Rome’s business district and its most luxurious coastal resort.
In Pompeii, you’ll discover how Romans conducted daily trade and city life; in Herculaneum, you’ll step into their holiday homes where even the wooden doors and window shutters survived the eruption.
If you have the time and energy, visiting both sites builds the most complete picture of Roman society before Vesuvius changed everything.
IN SUMMARY: While it is technically possible to visit both sites in one day, I wouldn’t recommend it. You’ll be physically and mentally drained after properly exploring either site. Instead, consider pairing one site with Mount Vesuvius – it’s less demanding and adds context to what you’ve seen.
Some FAQs & History About Pompeii and Herculaneum
Was Pompeii or Herculaneum Destroyed First?
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD unfolded in stages, with Herculaneum being affected first. When the volcano erupted, a massive column of ash and pumice shot into the air, raining down on Pompeii over the course of several hours.
Herculaneum’s destruction came later that night when a pyroclastic surge — a deadly mixture of superheated gas, ash, and volcanic debris — surged through the town at incredible speed. The temperatures were so intense (over 500°C) that everything organic, including wood and even some human tissue, was instantly carbonised.
Pompeii, on the other hand, was buried under layers of ash and pumice over a longer period. This slower process allowed many residents to flee but left behind voids where bodies had decomposed, later used to create the famous plaster casts of victims.
The difference in how these towns were buried directly impacted their preservation. Herculaneum’s airtight layers of mud preserved organic materials like wooden beams, food, and furniture, while Pompeii’s ash preserved structures and provided the haunting voids where human remains had been.
Which Site is Closer to Mount Vesuvius?
Herculaneum is significantly closer to Mount Vesuvius, sitting roughly 7 km (4.5 miles) from the crater, compared to Pompeii’s distance of around 10 km (6 miles).
This proximity is one of the reasons Herculaneum was hit by the pyroclastic surge, while Pompeii experienced a prolonged rain of ash and pumice. It also explains why the preservation is so different.
At Herculaneum, the surge buried the town under a thick layer of volcanic mud, effectively sealing and protecting it like a time capsule. Pompeii’s ash, while protective in its own way, didn’t create the same airtight environment, which is why organic materials didn’t survive as well there.
Should I Visit Pompeii or Herculaneum First?
The answer depends on your interests and the time you have available.
If you’re keen to see iconic landmarks and experience a sprawling ancient city, start with Pompeii. It’s a massive site and can be overwhelming, so tackling it first when you’re fresh is a good idea. Plan to spend at least half a day there to see the highlights.
If you prefer a quieter, more manageable experience, Herculaneum might be a better starting point. You’ll get a strong sense of Roman life without the crowds, and it requires less time and energy to explore.
Timing also matters. Visiting Pompeii in the morning (right when the gates open) can help you avoid the worst of the crowds, while Herculaneum is quieter in the afternoon. This combination works well if you’re determined to visit both in one day, though I’d still recommend splitting them over separate days if possible.
Why is Pompeii More Famous than Herculaneum?
Pompeii’s fame can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, its size — it’s a sprawling city that gives you a complete picture of Roman urban life, from grand public spaces like the Forum to private villas, brothels, and even graffiti. The sheer variety of what you can see there is unmatched.
Secondly, Pompeii was discovered and excavated earlier than Herculaneum, sparking global curiosity. The first systematic excavations began in the mid-18th century under the Bourbon kings, and Pompeii’s discovery quickly captured the imagination of Europe’s elite, inspiring everything from art to literature.
Herculaneum, by contrast, remained more challenging to excavate due to the dense volcanic mud that buried it. This limited the progress of early efforts and meant it didn’t achieve the same level of public attention.
Finally, tourism played a role. Pompeii was marketed as a must-visit destination from the very beginning, while Herculaneum was often overshadowed. Today, Pompeii continues to draw larger crowds, partly due to its global recognition and the eerie plaster casts that bring the human story of the eruption to life.
Conclusion: Which Should You Choose – Pompeii or Herculaneum?
If you’ve never visited either site before and I didn’t know anything about your specific interests, I’d lean toward recommending Pompeii. It’s earned its reputation through the sheer scale of preservation — the variety of things to see, and its historical significance make it a standout experience.
That said, both sites are worth visiting, and I’d encourage you to see them both if you can. As I’ve explained throughout this post, Pompeii and Herculaneum are very different in many ways.
From Pompeii’s size and scale to Herculaneum’s pristine preservation and intimacy, each offers a unique lens into Roman life at the time of the eruption. The differences — like the social and economic status of each town at the time of the eruption — make them wonderfully complementary. Together, they give you a much fuller picture of what happened during and after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
One Final Piece of Advice
If there’s one piece of advice I’d give to anyone planning a visit, it’s to take a guided tour. These sites are fascinating, but they’re also incredibly complex. Without some context or background, it can be difficult to make sense of what you’re seeing or understand the significance of the ruins around you.
A good guide can help you understand how Romans used each building and space, explaining not just what you’re looking at but why it matters. They’ll help you imagine what these streets and buildings were like when 20,000 residents walked these streets 2,000 years ago.
If you’d rather explore on your own, be sure to invest in a high-quality guidebook or an audioguide to make the most of your visit. These will give you the context you need to truly appreciate the history and stories behind the ruins.
Further Reading
If you’re looking for more details about visiting each site, I’ve written dedicated guides to help you plan your trip:
- A Complete Guide to Visiting Pompeii: From tickets to top attractions, everything you need to know for an unforgettable visit.
- A Complete Guide to Visiting Herculaneum (coming soon): Your ultimate resource for exploring this smaller yet equally fascinating site.
And if you’re planning to explore more of the region, don’t miss my other posts about Naples and its surroundings, including The Best Day Trips from Naples.
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